C-13 — Environment of Life

The environment of an organism consists of—

Which of the following is NOT a non-living component important in the life of organisms?

Without which of the following can the existence of life NOT be imagined in the living world?

Green plants collect carbon dioxide from the air through which process?

The oxygen required for respiration of the whole living world comes from—

Which organisms disintegrate the dead bodies of plants and animals?

The exchange of energy and materials between plants, animals and non-living substances is called—

Which of the following best defines an ecosystem?

Which of the following is NOT required for nutrition and physiological activities in an ecosystem?

The main components of an ecosystem are—

The most diverse component of the ecosystem is—

Non-living matter of an ecosystem is divided into how many groups?

Which of the following is an inorganic component of an ecosystem?

Which of the following is NOT an example of inorganic matter?

Substances derived from the dead bodies or waste of organisms are called—

Organic matter of an ecosystem is generally termed as—

Which of the following is a component of humus?

Why should compost be applied for the cultivation of plants?

Which of the following is a physical component of an ecosystem?

The physical components of an ecosystem collectively create—

The active component of an ecosystem is—

Living components of the environment are of how many types?

Which of the following is NOT a category of living components in an ecosystem?

Why are green plants called producers?

Green plants are also called autotrophs because—

By-product of photosynthesis is—

Photosynthesis is described as—

Animals that depend directly or indirectly on plants for food are called—

Which of the following is a herbivorous animal?

Herbivorous animals are also called—

Which of the following is an example of a secondary consumer (carnivore)?

Tertiary or top consumers include—

Animals that eat dead bodies of other organisms are called—

Which of the following is NOT a scavenger?

Why are scavengers important?

Which animal plays a double role as a consumer in two different levels of the food chain?

Man is at a time—

Why are bacteria and fungi called decomposers or transformers?

Consider the following about producers:

Free-floating microscopic organisms in a pond are called—

Which of the following are primary producers in a pond?

Which is an example of a primary consumer in a pond?

Free-floating small animals in a pond are called—

Which of the following is a secondary consumer in a pond ecosystem?

Which is an example of a tertiary consumer in a pond?

In a pond, fungi and bacteria living as saprophytes act as—

Decomposers in a pond live—

Which substances produced by decomposers are reused by producers?

Among the living components of an ecosystem, who first start their activities?

The flow of food energy from primary producers through different trophic levels is called—

In the food chain Grass → grasshopper → toad → snake → gui snake, the toad represents—

In the same chain (Grass → grasshopper → toad → snake → gui snake), the gui snake is the—

Food chains may be classified into how many types?

In a predator food chain, the size of organisms—

The chain Grass → grasshopper → toad → snake → gui snake is an example of—

In a parasitic food chain, the producers—

Which is an example of a parasitic food chain?

Blood sucked by a female Aedes mosquito mainly helps to—

A food chain stretched from dead organisms to different trophic levels is called—

Which is an example of a saprophytic food chain?

Why are parasitic and saprophytic food chains always incomplete?

The food chains of an ecosystem are ultimately based on—

A network formed when several food chains connect together is called—

Food webs occur in—

In a pond food web (algae, zooplankton, small fish, big fish, hawk), how many food chains are described?

In the pond food web, primary producers are—

In the pond food web, which organism feeds on both small and big fishes?

In a food web, the same consumer can be placed in—

Plants produce food through photosynthesis after obtaining—

After death of plants and animals, decomposers transform their bodies into—

The cyclic movement of nutrition materials in an ecosystem is called—

The flow of nutrition materials through food chains is a unique character of—

The main source of energy in any ecosystem is—

What percentage of the sun's energy reaching earth do green plants store through photosynthesis?

Energy produced by photosynthesis is primarily stored as—

Energy returns to the environment mainly through the activities of—

Which of the following best describes energy transfer in a food chain?

If the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is low, energy waste—

Every step of a food chain is called—

Which trophic level do producers represent?

Herbivorous animals (primary consumers) represent which trophic level?

Generally, what percentage of stored energy is transferred from one trophic level to another?

The remaining ~90% energy at each trophic transfer is—

Carnivores of higher levels represent which trophic levels?

A three-dimensional structure with a triangular base and narrow apex is called—

The chart describing the arrangement of energy storage and transfer of every nutrition level is called—

In an energy pyramid, producers are placed at the—

Top consumers are placed at the—

Why is the amount of energy in higher trophic levels less than in lower ones?

Energy flow in an ecosystem is—

Approximately what percentage of energy is reduced in every stage of the food chain?

The size of a food chain is generally limited to how many stages?

The longer a food chain is—

The total number of described animal species is approximately—

The total number of described plant species is approximately—

About how many human beings live on the earth at present (per the textbook)?

A species is a group of organisms that are similar in—

The abundance and variability among organisms existing on the earth is called—

Diversity exists even among members of the same species — true or false?

Biodiversity is divided into how many categories?

The total number of organism species existing on the earth refers to—

Differences in size, ability to resist diseases, etc. among members of the same species fall under—

Hereditary characters of organisms are transmitted through generations by—

Changes in characteristics of organisms occur because of changes in—

Diversity arising from differences in different ecosystems (pond, river, forest, desert, etc.) is called—

Consider the following statements:

Extinction of a species in an environment may cause—

Once, oysters in Chesapeake Bay (USA) could purify the local water in—

What percentage of those Chesapeake oysters has now become extinct?

As a consequence of oyster decline at Chesapeake, the level of dissolved oxygen in the water is—

A mature toad in a day can eat worms and insects equal to—

Why are toads being killed in many areas?

Birds play a significant role in—

Which of the following are predatory birds (per textbook)?

If a pair of rats reproduced freely without trouble, by year's end the number could reach—

An owl can eat how many rats in a day?

From an environmental point of view, which of the following is true?

Plants depend on worms and insects for—

Animals use which gas released by plants in daytime?

Mutual organic relationships between plants and animals are designated as—

Organisms participating in symbiosis are called—

The action-reaction occurring between symbiotic organisms is called—

Per Odum, interdependent relationships occur in how many ways?

The interrelationship in which two organisms help each other is—

Positive interaction is grouped into how many further categories?

The relationship in which BOTH organisms are benefited is called—

A bee flying around flowers to collect nectar and incidentally pollinating them is an example of—

The association of an alga and a fungus forming lichen is an example of—

In lichen, the algae produce ___ for itself and the fungus.

Rhizobium bacteria in the nodules of leguminous plants—

In return, rhizobium bacteria collect ___ from the leguminous host.

The relationship in which only one organism is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed is called—

A creeper plant that anchors in soil but climbs a big tree to collect light is an example of—

Epiphytic plants collect food from—

Negative interaction is grouped into how many categories?

Which of the following is NOT a category of negative interaction?

Dodder collecting food from a host plant using "hosteria" (haustoria) is an example of—

A cuckoo laying its eggs in a crow's nest is an example of—

In competition, which organism survives?

Inter- and intra-species competition is a good example of—

When growth of an organism is wholly or partly interrupted by a biochemical substance produced by another organism, it is called—

Antibiosis is mainly found in—

Penicillin was discovered by—

Alexander Fleming's life span (per textbook) was—

Reason behind Fleming's discovery of penicillium was—

Consider the following examples:

Why is environmental conservation essential?

Biodiversity is sustained when—

Which is correct?

If forests are degraded, the rate of rainfall—

Which of the following are greenhouse gases mentioned in the textbook?

Increased temperature due to greenhouse gases is called—

Which is a consequence of the enhanced greenhouse effect?

For every tree cut, how many trees should be planted (per textbook)?

Trees should be planted according to—

Before setting up industries, what should first be considered?

Instead of wood, which energy should be used as fuel?

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides damages—

To reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, the use of which should be increased?

To control soil erosion in coastal areas, which measure is recommended?

Massive coastal plantation also helps to resist—

Normal flow of water bodies should be conserved by—

Which Article of the Bangladesh constitution addresses biodiversity preservation?

The Bangladesh Biodiversity Act was passed in—

The Bangladesh Environment Protection Act was passed in—

To control environmental pollution, what should be controlled?

Consider the following conservation measures:

Which of the following is a detritus food chain?

Through commensalism—

Read the following stem and answer the question. In a food web: Green plant → grasshopper → small bird → snake → eagle; small fish also feeds small bird. How many food chains are shown in the figure of the stem?

In the food web of the previous stem, which of the following is a secondary consumer?

Why is the vulture called nature's scavenger?

Bees collecting nectar from flowers is an example of which interaction?

Why is a parasitic food chain considered incomplete?

Why is variation in structural features found among organisms of the same species?

In Prova's observation, the yellowish vine on the jujube tree (with root embedded in the tree's stem) represents which interaction?

The greenhouse effect refers to—

In a food web, the longest food chain expends the most energy because—

If small birds in a food web go extinct, the most likely effect is—

Which best summarizes the role of biodiversity in the ecosystem?