C-02 — Cells and Tissues of Organisms

Who described a cell as the unit of living activity in 1969?

According to Loewy and Siekevitz, a cell is surrounded by what type of membrane?

Which is the structural unit of an organism?

Living cell can do which of the following without any different living medium?

Cells are divided into how many types based on the organisation of nucleus?

Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?

The nuclear material of a prokaryotic cell is fittingly called what?

Which organelle is present in a prokaryotic cell?

The chromosomal structure of a prokaryotic cell consists of—

Blue-green algae and bacteria are constituted of which type of cell?

In a eukaryotic cell, chromosomes consist of—

Based on function, cells are divided into how many types?

Somatic cells divide through which processes?

In a gametic cell, the number of chromosomes becomes—

The first cell produced after the union of male and female gametes is—

Primordial germ cells produce gametic cells by—

Which of the following is a unique element of a plant cell?

Which of the following is NOT a chemical component of a plant cell wall?

A bacterial cell wall is composed of—

A fungal cell wall is made up of—

The primary cell wall is—

Cavities formed during development of secondary cell wall are called—

Pits in the cell wall give the cell its—

Which structure is formed in the cell wall to exchange materials with adjacent cells?

Which of the following is controlled by the cell wall?

The translucent, semi-fluid, viscous substance constituting the interior matter of a living cell is called—

The double-layered membrane around the protoplasm of a cell is called—

Foldings of the cell membrane are called—

Microvilli are mainly composed of—

The plasmalemma is—

Through which process does the cell membrane control movement of water and minerals?

Who discovered mitochondria in 1886?

The original name given to mitochondria was—

Who gave the current name 'Mitochondria'?

The mitochondrial membrane is composed of—

The finger-like infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called—

The small round bodies studded on cristae are called—

Oxysomes contain—

The space enclosed by the inner mitochondrial membrane is called—

How many stages does cellular respiration have?

Which stage of respiration does NOT occur in mitochondria?

Maximum energy in respiration is produced in—

The mitochondrion is called the 'power house' of the cell because—

In which cell is mitochondria absent?

Which of the following eukaryotic protozoa lacks mitochondria?

Who discovered plastid in 1866?

Plastids are mostly important for which type of cell?

How many categories of plastids are there?

Green plastids are called—

Which part of a plastid captures solar energy?

Solar energy is converted into chemical energy in chloroplast with the help of enzymes in the—

Chloroplast looks green because of—

Besides chlorophyll, which pigment is also present in chloroplast?

Xanthophyll is which colour?

Carotene is which colour?

Phycoerythrin is which colour?

Phycocyanin is which colour?

The main purpose of chromoplasts is to—

Leucoplasts are usually found in—

The main function of leucoplasts is—

Leucoplasts can be transformed into chromoplasts or chloroplasts when they come in contact with—

Golgi body is mainly found in—

Golgi body is composed of stacks of membrane-bound structures known as—

In Golgi body, hydrolysis of which substance takes place?

Which organelle sometimes stores protein?

Ribosomes are studded with the cytoplasmic side of—

Proteins are synthesized at—

Endoplasmic reticulum plays a significant role in development of—

The hollow space seen in cytoplasm is called—

Large vacuole is a prime feature of—

The main function of cell vacuole is to contain—

If vacuole is present in any animal cell, it usually is—

Lysosome is covered by which type of membrane?

The main function of lysosome is—

The membrane of lysosome may be destroyed due to deficiency of—

If the lysosome membrane is destroyed, which of the following may happen?

The cytoskeleton is located just beneath the—

Which of the following is NOT a protein used to make cytoskeleton fibres?

Which of the following are fibres of cytoskeleton?

Ribosomes help in—

The bondage in polypeptide chains of proteins is carried out by—

Ribosomes are found in—

Which is a hollow cylindrical organelle inside the centrosome?

The thick liquid surrounding the centriole is called—

Centrosome is found mostly in—

How many centrioles are there in a centrosome?

Centrioles play a significant role in constructing—

Centrioles participate in formation of—

The nucleus is found in—

In which of the following is nucleus NOT found?

Chromosomes carry—

The nuclear membrane is composed of—

Pores in the nuclear membrane are called—

Which controls the transport system from the nucleoplasm to the cytoplasm?

The jelly-like fluid enveloped by the nuclear membrane is called—

Nucleolus is composed of—

The main function of nucleolus is to—

Chromatin is a complex structure composed of—

Chromosomes are best understood at which stage of cell division?

The lengthwise halves of a chromosome at metaphase are called—

The constricted region near the centre of a chromatid is called—

The part of the centromere where microtubules of spindle apparatus attach is called—

An ensemble of similar or different types of cells with the same origin and performing a specific function is called—

Plant tissues are of how many types?

Which of the following is capable of cell division?

Permanent tissue can be grouped into how many types?

Which is NOT a type of permanent tissue?

Simple tissue is divided into how many types based on nature of cells?

Which is NOT a type of simple tissue?

Parenchyma cells are—

The walls of parenchyma cells are composed of—

Parenchyma cells with chloroplasts are called—

Parenchyma cells with air-filled spaces are called—

Aerenchyma is usually found in—

Which is NOT a function of parenchyma?

Walls of collenchyma cells become thick due to deposition of—

In collenchyma cells, the corners are thicker due to deposition of—

The main function of collenchyma is to provide—

Collenchyma is found in—

Sclerenchyma cells become dead because they lose—

The main substance providing rigidity in sclerenchyma cells is—

Sclerenchyma is divided into—

Pores in the walls of fibres are called—

Which is NOT a type of fibre by origin/structure?

Sclereids are also called—

Mature sclereid cells are usually—

Sclereids are found in—

Permanent tissue composed of more than one type of cell is called—

Complex tissue is also called—

Xylem and phloem together form—

Xylem developed during primary growth from procambium is called—

Secondary xylem is grown during secondary growth from—

Primary xylem at primary stage is called—

Which has narrower vessels developed from smaller cells?

Which is NOT a constituent of xylem?

Tracheids are elongated cells with—

Tracheids are present in—

The main function of tracheids is—

Vessels develop a long tube when their terminal walls—

Mature vessel cells are—

Which advanced gymnosperm contains primary type of vessels?

The main function of vessels is—

Parenchyma cells in xylem are called—

Sclerenchyma cells in xylem are called—

Phloem conducts—

Which is NOT a component of phloem tissue?

Sieve cells are arranged end to end and form—

Sieve cells are separated from each other by—

Mature sieve cells lack—

The companion cell has—

Phloem parenchyma is NOT found in—

Phloem fibres are also called—

Jute fibres are an example of—

The study of different types of tissue is called—

Animal tissue is divided into how many main categories?

Which is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Cells of squamous epithelial tissue are—

Bowman's capsule of kidney is an example of—

Squamous epithelium is mainly active in—

In cuboidal epithelial tissue, length, width and height of cells are—

Cuboidal epithelium is found in—

Columnar epithelial cells are—

Columnar epithelium is found in—

Simple epithelial tissue has cells arranged—

Stratified epithelial tissue is also called—

The integument of vertebrate animals is an example of—

Pseudostratified epithelium is found in—

Ciliated epithelial tissue is found in—

Flagellated epithelial tissue is found in—

Reproductive tissue produces—

Glandular tissue is transformed from—

Connective tissue has—

Based on structure and function, connective tissue is mainly of how many types?

Fibrous connective tissue lies—

The internal structural tissue of body is called—

Skeletal tissue is of how many types?

Cartilage matrix is—

The nose and pinna of human ear are made of—

Cartilage at the ends of humerus and femur—

Bone gets its strength from deposition of—

The matrix of fluid connective tissue is—

Fluid connective tissue is of how many types?

Blood is composed of plasma and blood cells in the ratio—

Plasma contains how much percentage of water?

Plasma colour is—

RBCs are also called—

The iron compound found in RBC is—

Haemoglobin combines easily with oxygen to form—

Leucocytes function to—

Thrombocytes (platelets) take part in—

Lymph is stored in—

Lymph contains—

Muscular tissue grows from which embryonic layer?

In muscular tissue, matrix is—

Myofibrils with transverse striations are characteristic of—

Muscle tissue is of how many types based on location, structure and functions?

Voluntary muscle is also called—

Voluntary muscle cells are—

Voluntary muscle cells generally have—

Involuntary or smooth muscle is—

Involuntary muscles are found in—

Intestinal peristalsis is performed by—

Cardiac muscle cells are—

Between cells of cardiac tissue, what structures are present?

Cardiac muscle is also called voluntary non-voluntary because—

Special cells forming nerve tissue are called—

An ideal neuron has how many parts?

Neurites are of how many types?

The two types of neurites are—

The cell body of a neuron is—

The neuron cannot divide because there is no active—

A neuron has how many axons?

The bridge between adjoining neurons formed by union of axon and dendrite is called—

Through synapse, what is transmitted?

Common belief that humans use only 10% of their brain is—

A part of animal body formed by combination of one or more types of tissues performing a particular function is called—

The branch of biology where organs are discussed is called—

The branch dealing with internal organs is called—

Which is NOT a human internal organ?

Which is NOT part of the digestive canal?

Which is NOT a digestive gland?

Which is NOT part of the respiratory system?

The Autonomous nervous system controls—

The excretory system of humans includes—

Which protects the body from external injury and microbial attack?

Endocrine glands are also called—

Which is NOT an endocrine gland?

Hormones are transported by—

The microscope using electrons instead of light is called—

Light microscopes are of how many types?

The curved part above the stand of compound microscope is called—

The screw-revolving part below the body tube is called—

How many objectives are typically attached to the nose piece?

The magnification of low power objective is—

The magnification of high power objective is—

The magnification of oil immersion objective is—

The projection power of eye piece is usually—

Which knob is used for fine tuning of focus?

The diaphragm of substage controls—

The wavelength of photons of visible light spectrum is—

With a high quality light microscope, an object less than how many nm cannot be well magnified?

In an electron microscope, in place of ordinary lens what is used?

The image produced by electron microscope is viewed—

The technique using dye to enhance contrast of cell or tissue is called—

In observation of onion cell, which stain is used?

In observation of buccal mucosa cell, which stain is used?

What is the function of lysosomes?

Amoeba is an animal cell because—

Riasat noticed a man removing fibre from jute near a canal. What type of tissue is found in the part extracted from jute?

Riasat later observed water hyacinths floating on water. The tissue characteristics of the plant later observed by Riasat are—

Consider the following statements about prokaryotic cells:

Consider the following statements about mitochondria:

Consider the following statements about chloroplast:

Which statements are true about parenchyma?

Consider the following about sclerenchyma:

Which of the following are functions of xylem?

Consider the following statements about phloem: