C-04 — Bioenergetics

What is the main source of energy for all living organisms?

The energy obtained from making and breaking of chemical bonds in biological molecules is called—

Adenine is a fundamental component of which of the following?

Adenine is chemically a—

Adenosine is composed of adenine attached to which sugar?

The process of adding a phosphate group with the supply of external energy is called—

The reverse process in which energy is released by removing a phosphate group is called—

How much energy (kilocalories) is stored in the phosphate group of one mole of ATP?

Approximately how many kilojoules of energy is stored per mole of ATP?

Which two organelles collect energy from the environment and transform it for cellular use?

The set of special molecular complexes that store received energy in ATP is called—

In mitochondria, the source of energy for ATP formation may be—

In a chloroplast, the source of energy stored in ATP is mainly—

ATP is called the "Biological Coin" because—

ATP is comparable to which of the following devices?

Adenosine attached to a chain of two phosphate groups forms—

The process by which green plants produce carbohydrates from CO$_2$ and water in the presence of sunlight is called—

In photosynthesis, light energy is transformed into—

Which of the following is NOT an essential component for photosynthesis?

The main site of photosynthesis in a leaf is the—

Through which structures does CO$_2$ enter the leaf?

The concentration of CO$_2$ in the atmosphere is—

The concentration of CO$_2$ dissolved in water is approximately—

The rate of photosynthesis is higher in aquatic plants because—

The by-products of photosynthesis are—

In the process of photosynthesis, which substance is oxidised?

In the process of photosynthesis, which substance is reduced?

The balanced equation of photosynthesis is—

In which year did Blackman divide photosynthesis into two phases?

Who divided photosynthesis into light-dependent and light-independent phases?

In the light-dependent phase, solar energy is converted into—

Which of the following is NOT produced in the light-dependent phase?

Photons of light are absorbed by—

The process of formation of ATP using light energy and chlorophyll is called—

The hydrolysis of water with the help of sunlight and chlorophyll is known as—

Which of the following is released through photolysis of water?

The combined production of ATP and NADPH+H$^+$ in light reaction is called—

The light-independent phase is also called—

In the dark phase, CO$_2$ is reduced with the help of—

Which of the following is NOT a CO$_2$ reduction pathway in green plants?

The Calvin cycle is also known as—

The first stable compound formed in the Calvin cycle is—

How many carbon atoms are in the first stable compound of the Calvin cycle?

Melvin Ellis Calvin was awarded the Nobel Prize in—

The C$_4$ pathway was discovered by—

The C$_4$ pathway was discovered in the year—

The first stable compound in the Hatch and Slack pathway is—

Which of the following is a C$_4$ plant?

Which of the following is NOT a C$_4$ plant?

In C$_4$ plants—

Why is chlorophyll essential for photosynthesis?

Excessive amounts of chlorophyll in cells lead to—

Which colours of the visible spectrum work best for photosynthesis?

Which colours of light are least effective in photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis generally proceeds well at wavelengths of—

If the amount of light increases excessively, what happens to photosynthesis?

Plants can use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis up to a concentration of—

The optimum temperature range for photosynthesis is—

Above which temperature does photosynthesis fail to occur?

The hydrogen ion (H$^+$) needed for the reduction of CO$_2$ comes from—

In scarcity of water, the entry of CO$_2$ is disrupted because—

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when oxygen concentration increases in the atmosphere?

Which two elements are the main components of chlorophyll?

Deficiency of which element causes leaves to turn yellow due to lack of chlorophyll synthesis?

Which of the following gases inhibits or stops photosynthesis?

The rate of photosynthesis is highest in which leaves?

Why does the rate of photosynthesis fall in the evening?

Which mineral acts as a catalyst in photosynthesis?

Some scientists have named photosynthesis the—

The percentage of O$_2$ in the atmosphere is approximately—

The percentage of CO$_2$ in the atmosphere is approximately—

Which of the following is NOT a plant-derived industrial material mentioned in the text?

Which medicines are produced from plants?

About how many billion years ago was there no gaseous oxygen on Earth?

Photosynthesis—

The experiment with covered leaf and iodine demonstrates the necessity of—

Before performing the experiment, the potted plant should be kept in the dark for—

After the dark period, the potted plant should be kept in sunlight for at least—

The leaf is boiled in 95% ethyl alcohol in order to—

After the iodine test, the part exposed to light turns—

The blue/black colour after iodine test indicates the presence of—

While boiling the leaf in alcohol, direct heat is avoided because—

The variegated/manihot leaf experiment proves the necessity of—

In the variegated leaf experiment, which portion turns blue/black with iodine?

During respiration, potential energy stored in food is converted into—

Respiration takes place in—

The rate of respiration is very high in—

Based on availability of oxygen, respiration is classified into how many types?

The respiration that requires oxygen and completely oxidises respiratory materials is called—

Energy released per mole of glucose during aerobic respiration is approximately—

Complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration produces—

Anaerobic respiration produces ethyl alcohol, CO$_2$, and approximately how much energy per mole of glucose?

Anaerobic respiration occurs in—

The end products of anaerobic respiration in yeast include—

Aerobic respiration is divided into how many distinct stages?

Glycolysis takes place in the—

In glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is broken down into how many molecules of pyruvic acid?

The molecular formula of pyruvic acid is—

In glycolysis, gross ATP produced is 4 and ATP used is 2, so net ATP from substrate-level is—

How many molecules of NADH+H$^+$ are produced in glycolysis?

According to the latest data, acetyl Co-A formation occurs in the—

From two molecules of pyruvic acid in the acetyl Co-A formation stage, we obtain—

The Krebs cycle is named after—

All reactions of the Krebs cycle occur in the—

From one molecule of acetyl Co-A in Krebs cycle, the products include—

In Krebs cycle of plant cells, instead of GTP, what is usually produced?

The electron transport system takes place in the—

One molecule of NADH+H$^+$ during ETS yields how many ATP?

One molecule of FADH$_2$ yields how many ATP?

One molecule of GTP is equivalent to how many ATP?

Anaerobic respiration consists of how many stages?

Net ATP yield from anaerobic respiration of one glucose molecule is—

In anaerobic respiration, oxidative phosphorylation does not occur because of—

The optimum temperature range for respiration is—

The rate of respiration is higher in daylight because—

If the amount of CO$_2$ in air increases, the rate of respiration—

The rate of respiration is higher in—

Why is CO$_2$ released during respiration significant for plants?

Curd and cheese are produced through—

In bread making, yeast produces—

The thermoflask experiment demonstrates that respiration releases—

Which seeds are used in the thermoflask experiment?

To kill the seeds in flask B, which solution is used?

The seeds in flask B are soaked in mercuric chloride solution for—

In the thermoflask experiment, the temperature rises in flask A because—

Which of the following is released as a by-product in photosynthesis?

In the glycolysis stage of respiration, how many net ATP molecules are produced?

In figure Y (representing aerobic respiration), the function of the process includes—

The process happened in figure X (representing photosynthesis)—

What is dephosphorylation?

Why is the amount of energy produced in anaerobic respiration low?

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

Why is maize called a C$_4$ plant?

Why is ATP called the "Biological Coin"?

In which type of cell is the rate of respiration higher?

How does carbon dioxide affect the rate of photosynthesis?